For a long time, people will be found in the treatment of breast cancer, they might have distant metastasis, today has been able to according to tumor size, number of involved lymph nodes, as well as a variety of other biological characteristics of the preliminary estimate the existence of distant micrometastasis level of risk.
Directly to the expansion of breast cancer around via lymphatic and blood flow. Lymph nodes by cancer cells is supposed to prevent the outside from the primary tumor Plaza of the first barrier, cancer cells through the lymph node barrier if they repeat offenders are usually supraclavicular lymph nodes, and then penetrated into the blood vein. In addition to the transfer of axillary lymph nodes outside the tumor, but also involving the parasternal lymph nodes, mostly for the second and third and fourth intercostal persons, tumors were located in part of the breast and areola within the zone more so, in turn repeat offenders from the mediastinal lymph nodes where cancer. Breast cancer cells invade blood vessels can also be directly caused by distant metastasis.
Intercostal offshoot through thoracic vein into the ipsilateral innominate vein entered the pulmonary circulation. Breast deep tissue, breast and chest wall veins import axillary vein into the subclavian vein and innominate vein, lung metastasis is an important way, the flow of intercostal vein azygos vein azygos vein and a half and finally through the superior vena cava human lung, azygos vein system through the intervertebral veins, vertebral venous plexus and vertebral vein after the group connected to the vertebral venous system and inferior vena cava blood flow changes in the intra-abdominal pressure each other to flow, therefore, some patients in the absence of superior vena cava system (such as the lungs) transfer before there skull, spine, pelvis and other transfers.
Metastasis in breast cancer have the following symptoms:
Bone metastases: bone metastases are often multiple, and various types of bone metastases may cause pain, such as bone pain, local tenderness, decreased mobility and other symptoms. Base of the skull bone metastases will intracranial pressure caused by the corresponding nerve paresthesia, or paralysis.
Pleural effusion, ascites: malignant body cavity effusions in breast cancer patients is also common, which not only seriously affected the quality of life of patients may also enable patients to occur in a short time, unfortunately. Malignant pleural effusion (pleural effusion) symptoms are breathlessness, cough and chest pain; pericardial effusion increased, the patient may be shortness of breath, cough, can not for long lie horizontally; while malignant peritoneal effusions (ascites) may suffer from abdominal saturation Inflation flu and the loss of appetite, after the event will appear more obvious difficulty breathing.
With brain metastases: often accompanied by severe headache, followed by even nausea, vomiting, behavior changes and abnormal mental activity.
Pulmonary metastasis: Early majority of non-performance X-ray film is only found in single or multiple nodules in the shadow of lungs are more prone. Appeared late in the transfer of chest pain, dry cough, hemoptysis and other symptoms, and sometimes occur pleural effusion.
Liver metastases: terminally ill become more common. When a patient appears liver pain, hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, jaundice, ascites and other symptoms, very often associated with systemic metastases.
