Breast cancer is a woman, one of the common malignant tumors, the incidence rate showed an upward trend year by year, a serious threat to women’s health. Age of onset of breast cancer by 40 to 60-year-old woman as more common, but 40 years of age in recent years, the incidence gradually increased. The diagnosis of breast cancer include the asking of history, palpation, X-ray examination, B-chao, near-infrared scanning, CT examination, biopsy and tumor marker examination. As the cause of breast cancer is not yet clear, early diagnosis and early treatment as the key to the prognosis of breast cancer. In recent years, found that some tumor markers in breast cancer early laboratory diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis estimation has an important significance. Let us together look at what is a tumor marker, as well as tumor markers in the above aspects in any important clinical significance.
Studies have shown that: breast cancer from the onset of illness to develop into a 1 cm tumor size of approximately two or three years time. Patients with breast cancer during this period, if timely diagnosis and treatment, the opportunity to transfer the body to prevent cancer would be greatly enhanced, and even have access to the hope of cure. However, if the mere non-breast specialist medical examinations and infrared inspection, clinically difficult to detect breast lesions smaller than 1 cm in diameter, it is difficult to achieve early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Early breast cancer refers to the mass is less than 2 cm, no lymph node metastasis situation. The main clinical manifestations:
1. There is no discomfort: As a very small mass which are the intangible, easily be overlooked. So just because there is no abnormal symptoms and give up the breast examination.
The normal low level of male breast development, according to statistics, the current domestic clinical male patients with breast cancer accounts for about 1%, mostly the elderly. Since there is no male breast lobular and acinar’s development, so much smaller breasts than women, but also because of the male breast tissue is weak, in the event of breast cancer, it is easy to spread all around, without too long to be able to spread to the breast skin and muscle tissue, which is why male breast cancer patients are often the initial treatment period when the disease is already advanced on one of the reasons.
Cyclical breast pain: Performance for the pain, tingling, pain, or even linked to the upper arm, armpit, shoulder department, consistent with the change occurring with the menstrual cycle, this pain is physiological. More than half of their own to ease the pain, and breast cancer.
1. Breast lumps
To promote breast lumps are often the main symptoms in patients with treatment. More than 80% of patients occasionally found that only a small part of the checkup when the doctor found. The vast majority of lumps in the breast area outside the upper quadrant, followed within the upper quadrant, the upper and central areas, other parts of the less.
The number of general single unilateral breast lumps more common, occasionally 2-3.
Size of the tumor sizes. In the past due to late treatment, more than a larger mass. In addition, thickening of mammary glands limitations are also common but it was not a major emphasis on signs, reports a group of touch in less than a lump To this as the main manifestations of breast cancer accounted for 40%.
The most common symptoms of breast cancer is breast lumps. Moreover, the mass is often the first symptom, accounting for 95% of the total number of cases of breast cancer for more than ability to promote tumor, depending on extent of tumor invasion. The early and mid-term promotion of breast lumps are susceptible to late mass is completely fixed and not easily promoted.
Chemotherapy is to control the breast cancer lesions, particularly in an important means to deal with systemic metastases, under normal circumstances, patients with breast cancer need to complete six cycles of chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy drugs often cause a lot of adverse reactions, so many patients are unable to stick to the end. As everyone knows, this is likely to come to naught, not only can not control the disease, they may even cause great harm to the body. People of different constitution, different chemotherapy drugs produced by response to chemotherapy will be different, and therefore for different situations to take positive and effective measures to control the side effects of chemotherapy.
We all know, if it is the early detection of breast cancer, usually before surgery, and then the next step according to pathology for chemotherapy and radiotherapy, endocrine and, more recently the introduction of biological targeted therapy. After this treatment the vast majority of patients can be disease-free survival over 5 years. So for those who have no systemic spread locally advanced breast cancer patients with advanced, in the past can only chemotherapy or endocrine therapy, not surgery. This treatment is valid even if the short term, the remaining local lesions are always still left in the mammary gland, and will soon appear until the death of recurrence and metastasis.
With metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment is highly challenging and complex, as most patients have lost the partial treatment, drugs are the basic treatment options. The past 20 years, with the breast cancer biological characteristics and molecular markers of in-depth study of the medical profession more and more profound understanding that MBC has a high degree of heterogeneity, hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and three negative breast cancer (HR and HER2 were negative) and has a very different treatment strategies. On the other hand, with the combination of anticancer drugs and an increase in the program, MBC-line treatment for all have more choices. Correct understanding of the biological characteristics of MBC in order to make rational use of increasingly rich drug treatment.